Spectrum of Gastrointestinal Perforations in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Central Nepal: An Analytical cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Perforations of the gastrointestinal tract are frequently encountered surgical emergencies associated with high morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted to evaluate different spectrum perforations, their presentations, mode surgery, complications factors mortality.
 
 Methods: an analytical cross-sectional in Surgical Gastroenterology Department at College Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal from October 1st 2021 31st 2022. Patients undergoing emergency laparotomy for GI perforations were included this study. demographics, comorbidities, preoperative investigation, site cause perforation, type surgery postoperative recorded.
 Results: A total 100 patients analyzed. The mean age 46.55 years. Male predominance M:F=1.56:1 seen. Almost 54% presented after 24 hrs onset pain. Peptic ulcer disease as a perforation seen 26%, trauma 23% cases, appendicular 20%, malignant 8%, tubercular 7% foreign body 3% cases. Duodenal, colorectal 28%, 20% 17% cases respectively. Total mortality 13%. Increasing age, delayed presentation, presence systolic blood pressure less than mm Hg, oliguria, malignancy significantly Conclusion: duodenum, appendix colorectum commonly encountered. Acid peptic disease, infections leading causes perforations. delay oliguria hypotension